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Category: Linux

15 Command Line Tools to Monitor Linux Performance

by tecmint.com
It’s really very tough job for every System or Network administrator to monitor and debugLinux System Performance problems every day. After being a Linux Administrator for 5 years in IT industry, I came to know that how hard is to monitor and keep systems up and running. For this reason, we’ve compiled the list of Top 15 frequently used command line monitoring tools that might be useful for every Linux/Unix System Administrator. These commands are available under all flavors of Linux and can be useful to monitor and find the actual causes of performance problem. This list of commands shown here are very enough for you to pick the one that is suitable for your monitoring scenario.

fstab and mount

If you make a new entry in fstab it will not auto-mount. Therefore you must reload / refresh the entries. A reboot will do this but that is not a friendly way to do it. A quick way to reload new entries in /etc/fstab (fstab) is to use the mount command:

mount -a

 

How can I make the network boot before mountall in 12.10?

Sometime could happen that ubuntu try to mount fstab entries before network is up.

Look in /etc/rc0.d for the service, it will have S##service e.g. S35networking

Renaming it to S36mountall will make it load just after networking. Or make the number 99 and it will load last.

Format drive using fdisk on Linux

hard_disk[1]by hardcode.nl

Here’s a short sum-up on how to (re-)format your hard- or usb drive from the command line using fdisk.

Don’t do any of this unless you fully understand what you are trying to do.

This will wipe your drive clean, deleting all that’s on it.

To list available drives on you machine type:

fdisk -l

Choose the drive you want to make changes to and engage it using fdisk:

fdisk /dev/sdc

replace the “sdc” with the drive you want to edit.
Changes you make using fdisk are only made permanent if you then issue the “w” command. You can abort any time using ctrl – c

Log Accessi SSH

 

Per esaminare da shell gli ultimi accessi è possibile utilizzare il comando:

last -n 30

(per avere gli ultimi 30 accessi, sia da locale che da remoto tramite ssh)

 

E’ possibile inoltre creare un file in /home dove vengono loggati tutti gli accessi, ecco la procedura: 

log cron jobs

If you need to check what is the output from every cron job (instead of see only when start and stop it in var/log/syslog)

you can append to your cron command this text:

 2>&1 >> /var/log/myjob.log

and here you can see a working example:

rsync -avz /home/www/ /mnt/ububackup/SITE_BACKUP 2>&1 >> /var/log/backupUbu.log

This cron sync my www folder to another server and log the output to backupUbu.log .

 

Certificati SSL su vhost multipli

Con il passaggio di dominio ad uno personalizzato mi si è reso necessario la creazione di un certificato SSL per permettere l’utilizzo di comunicazioni HTTPS sul mio dominio.

Ho però necessità di certificare piu vhost (sottodomini) con ognuno funzionalità diverse.

Esistono dei certificati SSL chiamati WildCard che permettono per l’appunto di certificare piu sottodomini con un’unico certificato SSL, questi però vanno da circa $80/anno fino anche a $400-$500/anno! Non mi sembra il caso per un sito “amatoriale”.

Ho provato quindi a certificare ogni vhost con un SSL diverso, pagando per ognuno circa 2€ l’anno, ecco com’è andata!

 

Gestione IpFire e Firewall Linux

 

IPFire Fails to make ADSL Connection

 

Have you checked the Link status of you network cable?

If you don’t get a lease it is normal that red0 was disabled.

Check with “ifconfig -a”

go to console and Press ALT+F12 to see the systemlog (or use tail -f /var/log/messages over ssh)

 

Check the Syslog (/var/log/messages) or in the WebIF (kernel and red)

 

cat /var/ipfire/ethernet/settings

 

“eth0: link is not ready” but device is present

Looks like the cable is not connected or it is damaged. (No Link)

You can double check with ethtool.

 

Quote:
sudo ethtool eth0

 

How to Change the Hostname of a Linux System

by ducea.com

Normally we will set the hostname of a system during the installation process. Many peoples don’t care about this, and don’t change the hostname even if for example this was set to something really stupid by the datacenter that installed the system (most likely they will set this to “debian” on any debian installation, etc). For me, it is important to see on each one of the ssh screens I will have open at any time a different hostname that is relevant and will give me quickly the information on what system I am logged in.